Lithium and lithium-ion batteries — do we really need both?

As it turns out, yes. But unless you’re a battery nerd like the good folks at Powertron, you may not know the difference other than the name.

And why do we need both? What purposes do they serve?

Lithium & Lithium-Ion Batteries: Similarities

  • Both provide portable electricity for everything from smartphones to electric vehicles.
  • Both types of batteries store electrical energy in chemical form.
  • Both operate on the movement of charges between the electrodes. When the electrodes are connected, a circuit is created, promoting the flow of electric charge from the cathode to the anode or vice versa, depending on whether the battery is discharging or charging.
  • Both types are used in diverse applications, from small consumer electronics to larger systems like power tools and backup energy solutions.

Key Differences Between Lithium & Lithium-Ion Batteries

Rechargeability

  • Lithium batteries are primarily non-rechargeable and designed for single-use applications.
  • Lithium-ion batteries can be recharged, allowing for multiple use cycles, which enhances their lifespan and value.

Energy Density

  • Lithium batteries tend to have a lower energy density than lithium-ion batteries, which can limit their use in high-energy applications.
  • Lithium-ion batteries offer higher energy density, making them more suitable for power-hungry devices like smartphones and laptops.

Self-Discharging Rate

  • Lithium batteries have a higher self-discharge rate, resulting in a quicker loss of stored energy when not in use.
  • Lithium-ion batteries exhibit a lower self-discharge rate, which helps retain the stored charge longer.

Weight & Size

  • Lithium batteries are often bulkier and heavier, which can be a disadvantage in portable applications.
  • Lithium-ion batteries are typically lighter and more compact, making them a preferred choice for modern portable electronics and electric vehicles.

Cost

  • Lithium batteries are less expensive per unit, but the cost adds up over time due to the need for frequent replacements.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have a higher upfront cost, but their longevity and rechargeability can make them more economical in the long run.

Why We Have Both Battery Types

While lithium-ion batteries are a clear advancement over standard lithium batteries, both types have their place in this world.

  • Different devices and technologies require varying power needs. Lithium batteries are ideal for low-drain devices requiring single-use power, while lithium-ion batteries are best for high-demand electronics that need recharging.
  • Lithium batteries are cheaper for applications where frequent replacement isn’t a concern. Manufacturers include them in new products like remote controls to curb costs. In contrast, while initially more expensive, lithium-ion batteries are more economical for long-term users.
  • Each type has different performance metrics. For instance, compact lithium-ion batteries are preferable for portable electronics, while robust lithium batteries may hold up better in harsh environments.
  • Safety regulations in various industries may necessitate using non-rechargeable lithium batteries that are less prone to thermal runaway.

A Brief History of Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries

  • 1912: The groundwork for lithium batteries began as chemists explored lithium’s potential for energy storage.
  • 1970s: Lithium batteries became commercially viable after advancements in chemical stability, making them safe for consumer products.
  • 1991: The introduction of lithium-ion batteries marked a significant breakthrough, providing a rechargeable alternative that was lighter and more efficient than earlier battery technologies.
  • 1990s—2000s: Lithium-ion batteries were rapidly adopted in portable electronics, like laptops and cell phones, and became the standard for powering these devices.
  • 2000s onwards: Continued innovations have improved the energy density, safety, and cost-effectiveness of lithium and lithium-ion batteries, expanding their use in electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems.

Come to Powertron for All Your Battery Needs

Are you looking for a shop that lives and breathes batteries? That stocks all types of quality batteries and has exactly what you need for your golf cart, wheelchair, or computer backup?

At Powertron, we carry the most complete battery inventory in Orange County. We’ve been in business for over half a century, manufacturing and selling batteries for consumer and commercial use. We guarantee the highest quality at an honest price. So please stop by our store or call us at 888-671-9822. We also ship!

FAQs: Lithium & Lithium-Ion Batteries

Q: Can lithium-ion batteries be used in high-temperature environments?

Lithium-ion batteries can function in a wide range of temperatures, but extreme conditions may impact their performance and lifespan. We advise using them within the manufacturer’s specified temperature range to avoid risks like thermal runaway or reduced efficiency.

Q: How can I prolong the lifespan of my lithium-ion battery?

Avoid deep discharges and frequent charging to maximum capacity. Instead, keep the charge level between 20% and 80%. Additionally, store the battery in a cool, dry place and minimize exposure to extreme temperatures.

Q: What’s the ideal charging method for lithium-ion batteries?

Use a charger specifically designed for lithium-ion batteries. Avoid overcharging, as this can lead to overheating and potential damage. Also, use a smart charger that stops charging once the battery is fully charged.

Q: What are the signs that my lithium-ion battery is failing?

Common signs of battery failure include:

  • A rapidly declining charge capacity.
  • Excessive heat during charging.
  • Swelling.
  • Unusual discharge patterns.

If you experience these symptoms, replace the battery promptly.

Q: How do I know the correct type of battery for my device?

Consult your device’s user manual or check the battery compartment for specifications. Most manufacturers provide clear guidelines on compatible battery types to ensure optimal performance and safety.

Q: Are lithium-ion batteries safe to use?

Lithium-ion batteries are generally safe when handled properly and used within the manufacturer’s guidelines. However, they can overheat or combust if subjected to extreme temperatures, physical damage, or improper charging.

Q: How long do lithium-ion batteries usually last?

The lifespan of lithium-ion batteries can vary depending on usage, charging habits, and environmental conditions, but on average, they last between two and five years. Regular maintenance and proper charging practices can extend its lifespan.

Q: What should I do if my lithium-ion battery gets wet?

Immediately disconnect it from the device and dry it thoroughly in a cool, dry place. Don’t attempt to charge it until you’re confident it’s thoroughly dry. If any signs of damage or malfunction persist, replace the battery.